A key component of the anthrax pathogen is its toxin, which consists of three proteins: protective antigen (PA), lethal factor (LF), and edema factor (EF). Understanding how these toxins work at a ...

A need exists for alternate or supplemental treatment modalities, particularly those that neutralize anthrax toxins. The focus has been on passive immunization with monoclonal and polyclonal ...

Even when antibiotics are administered, inhalation of anthrax can be fatal because the causative bacterium, Bacillus anthracis, releases a large amount of lethal toxin that is not neutralized by ...

In July Infection and Immunity, Brian Price and colleagues from Ohio State University showed that DNA-based immunization with a plasmid encoding the LF or PA protein provides complete protection ...

Between 1993 and 1995, Aum Shinrikyo tried as many as 10 times to spray botulinum toxin and anthrax in downtown Tokyo. Just why the attacks failed is unclear, but some experts suspect the cult did ...

More recently, Collier received attention for his work with the anthrax toxin, in which he identified a mutation that renders the toxin capable of both inhibiting nonmutated forms of the toxin and ...

Research Institute and The Salk Institute for Biological Studies have produced a virus-like particle that prevents infection against a dose of anthrax that would normally prove lethal. US ...

where they requested that the United States set up production facilities sufficient to produce large amounts of anthrax bacterial spores (called "Agent N") and botulinum toxin ("Agent X").