In 1852, botanist Francis Guthrie noticed something peculiar as he was coloring a map of counties in England. Despite the counties’ meandering shapes and varied configurations, four colors were all he ...

An amateur mathematician just partially solved a problem that has vexed mathematicians since 1950. 'Alien's language' problem that stumped mathematicians for decades may finally be close to a solution ...

The study of graph colouring has long been a central topic in discrete mathematics, with a prominent focus on optimising the assignment of labels or colours to vertices such that adjacent vertices are ...

Graph coloring has been employed since the 1980s to efficiently compute sparse Jacobian and Hessian matrices using either finite differences or automatic differentiation. Several coloring problems ...