Botox is a form of toxin produced by the bacteria Clostridium botulinum. The botulinum toxin in food or wounds blocks the signal transmission between nerves and muscles resulting in botulism, or ...

Please provide your email address to receive an email when new articles are posted on . Ptosis and strabismus occurred in 3.7% and 1.7% of patients, respectively, and 1% had both. Most patients in all ...

This story is part of a series on the current progression in Regenerative Medicine. This piece is part of a series dedicated to the eye and improvements in restoring vision. In 1999, I defined ...

Strabismus surgery encompasses a spectrum of operative techniques designed to restore binocular alignment by adjusting the tension and position of extraocular muscles. Indications range from ...

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the thyroid gland. Approximately 27 percent of patients with Graves’ disease in North America will develop an eye disease that is known ...

Thyroid eye disease (TED), also known as Graves’ ophthalmopathy or Graves’ orbitopathy, is an autoimmune disease that may affect the appearance and function of one or both eyes. In thyroid eye disease ...

The most useful biomarker for extraocular muscle enlargement in thyroid eye disease (TED) is unclear. According to this study, higher thyroid-stimulating antibody (TSAb) levels and older age were ...

Ocular myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting the muscles surrounding and involving the eyes. Symptoms can include double vision, droopy eyelids, and more. Ocular myasthenia gravis ...

Exophoria is the term for one eye drifting uncontrollably outwards. Exophoria may cause blurred or double vision, eye fatigue, and difficulty focusing on objects. Exophoria is a problem with eye ...