The longstanding independence of France’s ‘force de frappe’ may stand in the way of successful co-ordination with allies ...
Macron’s last speech on nuclear deterrence took place in 2020. At the time, the French president stated that France’s vital interests had a “European dimension,” and he invited Europeans to join a ...
The announcement was a significant step in forging a European deterrent as Russia grows more aggressive and the U.S. steps back.
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