Researchers investigate the effects of oxygen content on the melting of mantle rocks and the formation of early Earth magma It is widely accepted that the early Earth largely consisted of molten magma ...

Researchers proposed a “potential oxygen fugacity” parameter to directly compare the fO 2 characteristics of melts formed at different depths. The oxygen fugacity (fO 2) of the mantle controls the ...

Tom has a Master's degree in Journalism. His editorial work covers anything from archaeology and the environment to technology and culture. Tom has a Master's degree in Journalism. His editorial work ...

Earth’s deep interior still shapes the world above your feet. Water trapped far below the surface helps control how rocks move, melt, and recycle through the mantle. Some of that water carries a ...

Because of interactions with Earth's hot mantle, water-logged oceanic plates release water as they slide beneath less dense overriding plates in subduction zones. This water rises and hydrates the ...

The Earth’s oceans have risen and fallen over the millennia. But they have, on average, been relatively stable over billions of years. The balance of the deep water cycle—the exchange of water between ...