Hepatoblasts differentiate into hepatocytes, large and small cholangiocytes. CK8, CK18, and CK19 are expressed in hepatoblasts. CK8 and CK18 are expressed in hepatocytes at week 6. CK19 is expressed ...

The immune system defends the body against a wide range of internal and external threats. However, this versatility becomes an issue when immune mechanisms target host cells instead—a phenomenon ...

The immune system is responsible for safeguarding the body from external and internal dangers. It does this, for the most part, by targeting and eliminating perceived threats ranging from invading ...

The interplay between immune responses and cell death pathways is a central theme in immunology and pathology. Recent developments emphasize that these ...

Alopecia areata is a chronic autoimmune disorder causing non-scarring hair loss due to immune system attacks on hair follicles. Breakdown of immune privilege in hair follicles leads to infiltration by ...

Autoimmune diseases stem from a complicated interplay of immune dysregulation, characterized by chronic inflammation and the loss of self-tolerance. Cytokines are central to these processes. These ...