The molecules constituting the humoral arm of innate immunity, such as pentraxins and ficolins, act as ante-antibodies by initiating complement activation.

Adaptive immunity concerts two separate arms—humoral immunity driven by antibody-producing B cells, and cell-mediated immunity driven by “helper” T cells and “killer” T cells.

Future research should focus on the role of mucosal humoral and cellular immunity at the site of inoculation, which may play a critical role in protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Cell-mediated immunity Cell-mediated immunity, unlike humoral immunity, does not rely on antibodies to perform adaptive immunological activities.

Strategies to prolong host immunity need to be evaluated in order to protect the population against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants.

Our analysis suggested an improper crosstalk between the cellular and humoral adaptive immunity in long COVID, which can lead to immune dysregulation, inflammation, and clinical symptoms ...

While humoral immunity attacks invaders circulating outside cells largely via the generation of antibodies, the other adaptive immune system component, cellular immunity, targets invaders inside ...

RLS-0071 is a 15 amino acid peptide that inhibits both humoral inflammation by blocking classical pathway complement activation and cellular inflammation by blocking the neutrophil effectors ...

The FDA has expanded the approval of Bivigam (immune globulin intravenous, human, 10% liquid) to include pediatric patients 2 years of age and older with primary humoral immunodeficiency.