The present paper describes the success, the methods (mental, informal written, standard algorithm) and the strategies of informal written arithmetic to be observed when 300 elementary students worked ...

Students in Nikki Carney’s second-grade class are adding and subtracting three-digit numbers with ease. And not just any three-digit numbers. These involve carrying and borrowing – tasks that ...

Quiz: Subtraction with up to 4-digit numbers Complete this quiz to understand how to subtract with up to four-digit numbers. Then put your knowledge to the test.

That "fluently add and subtract multidigit whole numbers using the standard algorithm" is exactly the borrowing and carrying digits, operating on numbers arranged in columns, that we all know and ...

Find out about the column method to subtract more than 4-digit numbers with this Year 5 article from BBC Bitesize.