Large language models (LLMs), the computational models underpinning the functioning of ChatGPT, Gemini and other widely used ...
AI models including GPT-4.1 and DeepSeek-3.1 can mirror ingroup versus outgroup bias in everyday language, a study finds. Researchers also report an ION training method that reduced the gap.
Post-modern portfolio theory uses downside risk to refine portfolio optimization. Learn how PMPT offers an alternative to modern portfolio theory for risk-adjusted returns.
The PSA Standard Prepayment Model forecasts the prepayment risk in mortgage-backed securities, helping investors understand ...
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