Stochastic dynamical systems arise in many scientific fields, such as asset prices in financial markets, neural activity in ...

† The Laboratory of Energy and Environment Application Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou 341000, China ‡ The Laboratory of Thermal Energy and Power Engineering, ...

Apply arithmetic mean of frequency distribution to find the expected value of a random variable The expected value of discrete random variable as summation of product of discrete random variable by ...

A discrete random variable is a type of random variable that can take on a countable set of distinct values. Common examples include the number of children in a family, the outcome of rolling a die, ...

A continuous random variable is a type of variable that can take on any value within a given range. Unlike discrete random variables, which have a countable number of outcomes, continuous random ...

The FactorGraph package provides the set of different functions to perform inference over the factor graph with continuous or discrete random variables using the belief propagation algorithm. A ...

Nowadays, we are used to prices of products and services that fluctuate in a wide range. Because of this variability, people will pay dramatically different amounts of money for the product or service ...

Abstract: Fields like public health, public policy, and social science often want to quantify the degree of dependence between variables whose relationships take on unknown functional forms. Typically ...

Researchers have identified a 3D fragment of fossilized skin that is at least 21 million years than previously described skin fossils. The skin, which belonged to an early species of Paleozoic reptile ...